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HTML & CSS IntroductionChapter 10. CSS: Sizing and Spacing

Chapter 10. CSS: Sizing and Spacing

CSS Design: Mastering Sizing and Spacing

In this chapter, we will dive into the essential concepts of sizing and spacing in CSS. These concepts are crucial for controlling the layout and spacing of elements on a web page, making it visually appealing and functional. Understanding the box model, how to adjust width and height, and how to manipulate padding, margin, and box-sizing are fundamental to creating professional layouts.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

CSS Box Model

In this section, we'll explore the CSS box model, which forms the foundation for understanding how elements are sized and spaced on a page. The box model consists of four key areas: content, padding, border, and margin. These areas define how elements are structured and how space is distributed around them. A clear understanding of the box model is crucial for effective layout design.

Width and Height

In this section, we'll cover the width and height properties, which define the size of an element. These properties can be set using various units like pixels, percentages, em, and rem. We'll also discuss how these properties interact with the box model, especially in how padding, borders, and margins affect an element's total size. By default, the width and height apply to the content box, but we'll explain how to include padding and borders in the overall measurement.

Padding

In this section, we'll examine the padding property, which adds space between the content of an element and its border. Padding can be applied uniformly to all four sides, or you can specify values for each side individually: padding-top, padding-right, padding-bottom, and padding-left. Proper use of padding helps create breathing room around content, making layouts more readable and visually appealing.

Margin

In this section, we'll cover the margin property, which controls the space between elements. Margin is applied to the outermost area surrounding an element, creating visual separation from other elements. Just like padding, margin can be set for all sides or specific sides, offering flexibility in layout design and element positioning.

Margin and Padding for Specific Side

In this section, we'll look into targeting specific sides with the margin and padding properties. Instead of applying values to all sides, you can use individual properties like margin-top, margin-right, margin-bottom, and margin-left (or their padding counterparts). This gives you greater control over spacing, which is especially helpful in more complex layouts.

margin: auto

In this section, we'll demonstrate how to use margin: auto to center elements horizontally in CSS. This technique works by automatically adjusting the left and right margins, distributing the remaining space evenly on both sides of the element. It's a common method for centering block-level elements like images or containers within a parent element.

Box-Sizing

In this section, we'll cover the box-sizing property, which dictates how the total width and height of an element are calculated. By default, the width and height are applied to the content box, but when you apply box-sizing: border-box, the padding and border are included within the width and height. This simplifies layout calculations, as you no longer have to account for padding and borders separately when setting element sizes.

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Tags:

Alignment

Padding

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HTML & CSS Introduction
Course Content

Chapter 1. Overview of Website Development

How Websites Work?

Designing, Building and Publishing Websites

Designing Websites

Building Websites – Frontend and Backend Coding

Web App vs. Website

Frontend Coding

Web Framework and CMS

Publishing Websites (Hosting Services)

Chapter 2. Preparing for Website Coding

Two Key Tools to Start Coding Websites

How Browsers Display Web Pages

File Name Rules

Website Directory Structure

Absolute Path vs. Relative Path

Chapter 3. HTML Basics

What Is HTML?

HTML Element

Attribute

HTML Document Structure

Layout Semantics

Heading and Paragraph Tag

Text-Level Semantics

Space, Line-break and Tag in Content

Comments in HTML Document

Chapter 4. HTML: Add Links and Images

Overview of Adding Links and Images

Embed Images – <img>

Image File Format

Add Hyperlinks – <a>

Add Hyperlinks to Images

Add Hyperlinks to Specific Location on Web Page

Link Tag – <link>

Script Tag – <script>

Chapter 5. HTML: Create Lists and Tables

Create Lists

Create Tables

Combine Table Cells

Chapter 6. HTML: Create Forms

Create Forms

Create Text Input Forms and Submit Button

Radio Button and Checkbox

Select Box

Labels

Auto Complete and Disabled

Chapter 7. Bridging HTML and CSS

Block Element vs. Inline Element

Nesting Elements – Parent Elements and Child Elements

Div vs. Span

Global Attribute – Class, ID and Style

Accordion – <Details> and <Summary>

Chapter 8. CSS Basics

What Is CSS?

CSS Syntax

Where To Type CSS?

CSS Basic Selectors

Descendant Selector

Inheritance

Specificity

Reset CSS

Browser Developer Tools for CSS

Comments in CSS Document

Chapter 9. Web Design Basics

Design Element Representation in HTML and CSS

Key Design Points by CSS

Length

Color Code – HEX and RGB

Color Theme

Chapter 10. CSS: Sizing and Spacing

CSS Box Model

width and height

padding

margin

Margin and Padding for Specific Side

margin: auto

box-sizing

Chapter 11. CSS: Styling Text and Images

Text Styling Properties

font-size

color

font-family

Web Font and Google Font

font-weight and font-style

text-decoration

line-height and letter-spacing

text-align

vertical-align

Styling Images

float: left and right

Chapter 12. CSS: Styling Backgrounds

background-color

background-image

background-size

background-repeat

background-position

background-attachment

background (Multiple Properties)

Chapter 13. CSS: Styling Borders and Drawing Lines

border-style

border-color

border-width

border-radius

Border (Multiple Properties)

Borders on Specific Side

Border Radius on Specific Side

Chapter 14. CSS: Layout – Key Concepts and Display Property

Layout Before and After

Layout Key Design Points

Display Property

inline, block and inline-block

display: none

Chapter 15. CSS: Layout – Flex Box

Flex Box – display: flex

flex-direction

Main Axis and Cross Axis

flex-wrap

justify-content

align-items

align-content

align-self

flex-grow

flex-shrink

flex-basis

margin: auto with Flex Box

Inline Flex Box

Nested Flex Box

Chapter 16. CSS: Styling Lists

List Styling Properties

list-style-type

list-style-image

list-style-position

Chapter 17. Creating and Styling Components

Components and Layout

Buttons

Cards

Top Bar

Footer and Bottom Bar

Chapter 18. Completing Website Development

Website Structure Design

Live Server

Home (Landing) Page Development

Main (List) Page Development

Content (Detail) Page Development

Chapter 19. Publishing Websites

Key Steps to Publish Websites

Domain and DNS Server

Favicon

GitHub Pages

Chapter 20. Supplemental Topics

Horizontal Rule – <hr>

Line Break – <br>

Reserved Characters and HTML Entities

Non-breaking Space – &nbsp;

Chapter 1. Overview of Website Development

How Websites Work?

Designing, Building and Publishing Websites

Designing Websites

Building Websites – Frontend and Backend Coding

Web App vs. Website

Frontend Coding

Web Framework and CMS

Publishing Websites (Hosting Services)

Chapter 2. Preparing for Website Coding

Two Key Tools to Start Coding Websites

How Browsers Display Web Pages

File Name Rules

Website Directory Structure

Absolute Path vs. Relative Path

Chapter 3. HTML Basics

What Is HTML?

HTML Element

Attribute

HTML Document Structure

Layout Semantics

Heading and Paragraph Tag

Text-Level Semantics

Space, Line-break and Tag in Content

Comments in HTML Document

Chapter 4. HTML: Add Links and Images

Overview of Adding Links and Images

Embed Images – <img>

Image File Format

Add Hyperlinks – <a>

Add Hyperlinks to Images

Add Hyperlinks to Specific Location on Web Page

Link Tag – <link>

Script Tag – <script>

Chapter 5. HTML: Create Lists and Tables

Create Lists

Create Tables

Combine Table Cells

Chapter 6. HTML: Create Forms

Create Forms

Create Text Input Forms and Submit Button

Radio Button and Checkbox

Select Box

Labels

Auto Complete and Disabled

Chapter 7. Bridging HTML and CSS

Block Element vs. Inline Element

Nesting Elements – Parent Elements and Child Elements

Div vs. Span

Global Attribute – Class, ID and Style

Accordion – <Details> and <Summary>

Chapter 8. CSS Basics

What Is CSS?

CSS Syntax

Where To Type CSS?

CSS Basic Selectors

Descendant Selector

Inheritance

Specificity

Reset CSS

Browser Developer Tools for CSS

Comments in CSS Document

Chapter 9. Web Design Basics

Design Element Representation in HTML and CSS

Key Design Points by CSS

Length

Color Code – HEX and RGB

Color Theme

Chapter 10. CSS: Sizing and Spacing

CSS Box Model

width and height

padding

margin

Margin and Padding for Specific Side

margin: auto

box-sizing

Chapter 11. CSS: Styling Text and Images

Text Styling Properties

font-size

color

font-family

Web Font and Google Font

font-weight and font-style

text-decoration

line-height and letter-spacing

text-align

vertical-align

Styling Images

float: left and right

Chapter 12. CSS: Styling Backgrounds

background-color

background-image

background-size

background-repeat

background-position

background-attachment

background (Multiple Properties)

Chapter 13. CSS: Styling Borders and Drawing Lines

border-style

border-color

border-width

border-radius

Border (Multiple Properties)

Borders on Specific Side

Border Radius on Specific Side

Chapter 14. CSS: Layout – Key Concepts and Display Property

Layout Before and After

Layout Key Design Points

Display Property

inline, block and inline-block

display: none

Chapter 15. CSS: Layout – Flex Box

Flex Box – display: flex

flex-direction

Main Axis and Cross Axis

flex-wrap

justify-content

align-items

align-content

align-self

flex-grow

flex-shrink

flex-basis

margin: auto with Flex Box

Inline Flex Box

Nested Flex Box

Chapter 16. CSS: Styling Lists

List Styling Properties

list-style-type

list-style-image

list-style-position

Chapter 17. Creating and Styling Components

Components and Layout

Buttons

Cards

Top Bar

Footer and Bottom Bar

Chapter 18. Completing Website Development

Website Structure Design

Live Server

Home (Landing) Page Development

Main (List) Page Development

Content (Detail) Page Development

Chapter 19. Publishing Websites

Key Steps to Publish Websites

Domain and DNS Server

Favicon

GitHub Pages

Chapter 20. Supplemental Topics

Horizontal Rule – <hr>

Line Break – <br>

Reserved Characters and HTML Entities

Non-breaking Space – &nbsp;