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Linux IntroductionChapter 1. Linux Basics

Special Characters and Escape Character

Special Characters and Escape Character

Handling Special Characters in Linux

There are characters with special meanings assigned by Linux OS called special characters. You cannot use the characters in a file name or normal text sentence. If you want to use them without having a special meaning in a sentence, you need to use an escape character.

In bash, \ (backslash) is used as an escape character.

For example, if you want to display the following sentence with the echo command, you may have difficulty showing " " (double quotes).

He said “I'm learning Linux OS”.

With " " (double quotes) around the entire sentence in the command, you won't get any returned value.

Command Line - INPUT
echo "He said "I'm learning Linux OS"."
Command Line - RESPONSE
>

Without " " around the entire sentence in the command, you get a sentence; however, " " is not shown.

Command Line - INPUT
echo He said "I'm learning Linux OS".
Command Line - RESPONSE
He said I'm learning Linux OS.

If you use a backslash like below, you can display the intended sentence in the command line.

Command Line - INPUT
echo "He said \"I'm learning Linux OS\"."
Command Line - RESPONSE
He said "I'm learning Linux OS".

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Tags:

Special Character

Backslash

Escape Character

Linux Introduction
Course Content

Chapter 1. Linux Basics

What Is OS?

CUI and GUI

Linux Distributions

Package Manager

Kernel and Shell

Current Working Directory

Linux Directory Structure

Absolute Path and Relative Path (Linux OS)

Linux Command Syntax

Special Characters and Escape Character

Chapter 2. Linux Key Commands

Setting Up Linux Environment on AWS

pwd (Print Working Directory)

cd (Change Directory)

ls (List Contents of Directory)

mkdir (Make Directory)

rmdir (Remove Directory)

touch (Create File)

rm (Remove File)

mv (Move File and Directory)

cp (Copy File and Directory)

cat (Display File Content)

sort (Sort File Contents)

grep (Global Regular Expression Print)

Regular Expression

find (Find File and Directory)

Wildcard

ln (Create Link to File and Directory)

Chapter 3. Vim Editor

What Is Vim and How to Launch It?

Normal, Insert and Visual Mode

Normal Mode (1) – Move Cursor

Normal Mode (2) – Delete

Normal Mode (3) – Copy and Paste

Normal Mode (4) – Undo and Redo

Normal Mode (5) – Search Phrase

Normal Mode (6) – Replace Phrase

Normal Mode (7) – Save and Exit

Insert Mode

Visual Mode

Chapter 4. User, Group and Permission

What Are User, Group And Permission in Linux?

Permission (Access Mode) by Owner Status

Superuser (Root User) vs. Normal User

sudo (Run Command with Superuser Privileges)

su (Switch User)

useradd (Add User)

passwd (Set Password)

userdel (Delete User)

Group – Primary Group and Secondary Group

groupadd (Add Group)

usermod (Modify User Account Information)

gpasswd (Add and Delete Users to Group)

groupdel (Delete Group)

chown (Change Owner of File and Directory)

chgrp (Change Group of File and Directory)

chmod (Change Access Mode)

chmod Command with Numbers

w and who (Check Current User Login Status)

id and groups (Check User ID and Group)

getent (Display User and Group Data)

Chapter 5. Redirection, Pipe and Shell Script

Standard Input Output and Redirection

Pipe (Combine Commands)

less (Display Content with Pager)

tr (Replace Characters)

cut (Extract Data Sections)

uniq (Extract Unique Data Lines)

Shell Script

echo (Echo input)

read (Read and Store Input)

Shell Variable and Environmental Variable

source (Execute Shell Script and Refresh Environmental Variables)

Chapter 6. Linux Commands for Command Management

history (Check Command History)

alias (Create Command Shortcuts)

man (Display Manual)

type, which and whereis (Display Command Information)

Package Manager Command

tree (Display Directory Tree)

Chapter 7. SSH Remote Connection

SSH (Secure Shell)

Locate .ssh Directory

SSH Remote Login (1) – Use Key Pair Generated by Server

SSH Remote Login (2) – Use Key Pair Generated by Client

SSH Config File

SSH Remote Login with Visual Studio Code

SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)

SCP with SSH Config File

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)

Other File Transfer Commands

Chapter 8. Linux Process Management

Process and Job

Foreground and Background Jobs

jobs and ps (Display Jobs and Processes)

Signals

Create, Stop and Terminate Jobs

Daemon Processes

What Is Service on Linux?

Systemd

Unit File

Systemctl Sub-Commands

Create Custom Unit and Start at Boot

Firewall

UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall)

Web Server

Launch Apache Web Server

Chapter 1. Linux Basics

What Is OS?

CUI and GUI

Linux Distributions

Package Manager

Kernel and Shell

Current Working Directory

Linux Directory Structure

Absolute Path and Relative Path (Linux OS)

Linux Command Syntax

Special Characters and Escape Character

Chapter 2. Linux Key Commands

Setting Up Linux Environment on AWS

pwd (Print Working Directory)

cd (Change Directory)

ls (List Contents of Directory)

mkdir (Make Directory)

rmdir (Remove Directory)

touch (Create File)

rm (Remove File)

mv (Move File and Directory)

cp (Copy File and Directory)

cat (Display File Content)

sort (Sort File Contents)

grep (Global Regular Expression Print)

Regular Expression

find (Find File and Directory)

Wildcard

ln (Create Link to File and Directory)

Chapter 3. Vim Editor

What Is Vim and How to Launch It?

Normal, Insert and Visual Mode

Normal Mode (1) – Move Cursor

Normal Mode (2) – Delete

Normal Mode (3) – Copy and Paste

Normal Mode (4) – Undo and Redo

Normal Mode (5) – Search Phrase

Normal Mode (6) – Replace Phrase

Normal Mode (7) – Save and Exit

Insert Mode

Visual Mode

Chapter 4. User, Group and Permission

What Are User, Group And Permission in Linux?

Permission (Access Mode) by Owner Status

Superuser (Root User) vs. Normal User

sudo (Run Command with Superuser Privileges)

su (Switch User)

useradd (Add User)

passwd (Set Password)

userdel (Delete User)

Group – Primary Group and Secondary Group

groupadd (Add Group)

usermod (Modify User Account Information)

gpasswd (Add and Delete Users to Group)

groupdel (Delete Group)

chown (Change Owner of File and Directory)

chgrp (Change Group of File and Directory)

chmod (Change Access Mode)

chmod Command with Numbers

w and who (Check Current User Login Status)

id and groups (Check User ID and Group)

getent (Display User and Group Data)

Chapter 5. Redirection, Pipe and Shell Script

Standard Input Output and Redirection

Pipe (Combine Commands)

less (Display Content with Pager)

tr (Replace Characters)

cut (Extract Data Sections)

uniq (Extract Unique Data Lines)

Shell Script

echo (Echo input)

read (Read and Store Input)

Shell Variable and Environmental Variable

source (Execute Shell Script and Refresh Environmental Variables)

Chapter 6. Linux Commands for Command Management

history (Check Command History)

alias (Create Command Shortcuts)

man (Display Manual)

type, which and whereis (Display Command Information)

Package Manager Command

tree (Display Directory Tree)

Chapter 7. SSH Remote Connection

SSH (Secure Shell)

Locate .ssh Directory

SSH Remote Login (1) – Use Key Pair Generated by Server

SSH Remote Login (2) – Use Key Pair Generated by Client

SSH Config File

SSH Remote Login with Visual Studio Code

SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)

SCP with SSH Config File

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)

Other File Transfer Commands

Chapter 8. Linux Process Management

Process and Job

Foreground and Background Jobs

jobs and ps (Display Jobs and Processes)

Signals

Create, Stop and Terminate Jobs

Daemon Processes

What Is Service on Linux?

Systemd

Unit File

Systemctl Sub-Commands

Create Custom Unit and Start at Boot

Firewall

UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall)

Web Server

Launch Apache Web Server