The less
command is functioning as a pager, which is used to read the contents of a text file one page(one screen) at a time.
You can easily open the file with the less
command.
less file_a
less
command is useful when the output of a command contains a large number of lines. For example, when you use the ls
command with the -l
option for a directory with multiple sub-directories and files, using the less
command is helpful. The following is an example demonstrating a check of the list of contents of the /etc directory with its details.
ls -l /etc | less
You can see the result like the one below with :
at the end. In this mode, you can scroll pages with keyboard actions.
total 796
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 NetworkManager
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 PackageKit
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 X11
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 acpi
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3028 Jul 16 2020 adduser.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 alternatives
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 apparmor
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 apparmor.d
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 apport
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 apt
-rw-r----- 1 root daemon 144 Nov 12 2018 at.deny
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2319 Feb 25 2020 bash.bashrc
:
When you display file contents with the less
command, you can use your keyboard to move around the document. Here are some frequently used keys.
There is another pager command called more
. As the functionality of the more command is limited, using the less
command for a pager gives a better user experience.
The less
command is functioning as a pager, which is used to read the contents of a text file one page(one screen) at a time.
You can easily open the file with the less
command.
less file_a
less
command is useful when the output of a command contains a large number of lines. For example, when you use the ls
command with the -l
option for a directory with multiple sub-directories and files, using the less
command is helpful. The following is an example demonstrating a check of the list of contents of the /etc directory with its details.
ls -l /etc | less
You can see the result like the one below with :
at the end. In this mode, you can scroll pages with keyboard actions.
total 796
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 NetworkManager
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 PackageKit
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 X11
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 acpi
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3028 Jul 16 2020 adduser.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 alternatives
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 apparmor
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 apparmor.d
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 apport
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jul 16 2020 apt
-rw-r----- 1 root daemon 144 Nov 12 2018 at.deny
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2319 Feb 25 2020 bash.bashrc
:
When you display file contents with the less
command, you can use your keyboard to move around the document. Here are some frequently used keys.
There is another pager command called more
. As the functionality of the more command is limited, using the less
command for a pager gives a better user experience.